Notes

Outline

The Interaction of Text Material and CD-ROM Amy Evans and Ruth Hudgens Hanover College-Psychology Department

Introduction Benefits of interactive learning Principles of educational multimedia user interface design (Najjar, 1998) Elaborative processing leads to improvements in learning performance

Our Goal: To efficiently integrate sensation and perception material in a CD-ROM and textbook to make them feel as a single unit of learning

KISS Principle Keep the CD design simple Effective hypermedia should:  be easy to learn, operate in an obvious way, and be easy to use (Norman, 1990)

Elaborative Processing (Najjar, 1998) “Extra cognitive processing of material that helps integrate the material with prior knowledge” (Najjar, 1998). Leads to improvements in learning Elaborative processing is related to many multimedia topics

Front Page of CD-ROM Contents Tutorials Acknowledgments Related pictures

Table of Contents on CD Chapter 1 figure 1.1 figure 1.2 figure 1.3 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Each chapter has sub-links to the related figures Figure 1.1 would be displayed when clicked on Frames are a good system to use because it helps to organize information

Index- on CD Searchable author subject Results page numbers links to related figures Faster results

CD Helper Presented in the CD In depth explanations Provides help-always available Promotes elaborative processing (Najjar, 1998)

Icons and Symbols “Through action, icons, and symbols, people can convert reality into their own unique portrayal of reality” (Bruner, 1996). Icons linking text and CD:  certain icon for each chapter Computer icon to alert user to go to CD

Color Coding Benefits of chunking (Smith & Drakeley, 1998) Chunk chapters into units Associate colors to units in text and on CD Table of Contents Color-coding provides reinforcement to learners (Moore & Dwyer, 1997)

Index- in the book Divided into subject index and author index Useful in class when locating information

Glossary In book, not on CD If using the CD, looking up words in the glossary for help would not interrupt your progress on the CD

Interactive Interface Helps the user learn faster (Najjar, 1998) Needs explanatory features (Stoney & Wild,1998) Elaborative media that promotes elaborative processing

Text with Pictures (CD) Improves learning performance (Najjar, 1998) Information should be presented together pictures with text narration with movie/animation Promotes elaborative processing

Conclusion Benefits of multi-modal learning Association, icons, and symbols to link text with CD Help features connect text information with CD demonstrations Learning should improve with two integrated forms of education